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The period spanning from 1916 to 1930 in Argentina is known as the Radical Phase (''Etapa Radical''), as it began with the election of the Radical Civic Union (UCR) candidate Hipólito Yrigoyen, ending the conservative Generation of '80's domination on politics. Yrigoyen's second term, which started in 1928, was interrupted by Argentina's first military coup, which established José Félix Uriburu in power and initiated the Infamous Decade. == The First Yrigoyen Administration (1916–22) == Conservative forces dominated Argentine politics until 1916, when their traditional rivals, the Radicals, led by Hipólito Yrigoyen, won control of the government through the first national elections made at universal male suffrage, due to the 1912 Sáenz Peña Law. 745,000 citizens were allowed to vote, on a total population of 7,5 millions (immigrants, who constituted much of the population, were not allowed to vote), of which 400,000 abstained themselves.〔Felipe Pigna, ''Los Mitos de la Historia Argentina, 3'', 2006, ed. Planeta, p.38〕 Yrigoyen, however, only obtained 45% of the votes, which did not allow him a majority in Parliament, where the conservatives remained the first force. Thus, on 80 draft laws proposed by the executive, only 26 were voted by the conservative majority.〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.42〕 The moderate agricultural reform was refused by the Parliament, as well as a tax on interests and the creation of a Bank of the Republic (which was to have the missions of the current Central Bank).〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.42〕 Despite this conservative opposition, the Radical Civic Union (UCR), with their emphasis on fair elections and democratic institutions, opened their doors to Argentina's expanding middle class as well as to social groups previously excluded from power. Yrigoyen's policy was to "fix" the system, by enacting necessary reforms which would enable the agroindustrial export model to preserve itself.〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.39〕 It alterned moderate social reforms with repression of the social movements. In 1918, an estudiantine movement started at the University of Córdoba, which eventually led to the University Reform, which quickly spread to the rest of America. In May '68, French students recalled the Córdoba movement.〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.51〕 Thus, on one hand, the Tragic Week of January 1919, during which the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation (FORA, founded in 1901) had called for a general strike after a police shooting, ended up in 700 killed and 4,000 injured.〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.88〕 General Luis delle Piane marched on Buenos Aires to re-establish civil order. Despite being called for by some to initiate a coup against Yrigoyen, he remained loyal to the President, at the sole condition that the latter would allow him a free hand on the repression of the demonstrations. Social movements thereafter continued in the ''Forestal'' British company, and in Patagonia, where Hector Varela headed the military repression, assisted by the Argentine Patriotic League, killing 1,500.〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.100〕 On the other hand, Yrigoyen's administration enacted the Labor Code establishing the right to strike in 1921, implemented minimum wages laws and collective contracts. It also initiated the creation of the ''Dirección General de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales'' (YPF), the oil state company, in June 1922. Radicalism rejected class struggle and vouched for social conciliation.〔Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.44〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Argentina (1916–30)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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